Experimental Validation of a Three-Phase Voltage-Source Inverter with SPWM Modulation for Low-Voltage Microgrid-Oriented Applications
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47187/perspectivas.8.2.265Keywords:
Dead-time, Energy Efficiency, MOSFET, SPWM Modulation, Three-phase InverterAbstract
This work presents the design, implementation, and experimental validation of an open-loop three-phase inverter prototype. The experimental campaign was carried out with a regulated 48 V DC bus, while the bus-monitoring circuit was dimensioned for a wider voltage range. Control was implemented on an STM32 using digital SPWM, with a 120° phase shift and an adjustable output frequency between 60 and 80 Hz. To reduce the risk of cross-conduction in the MOSFETs, dead-time insertion was configured in both hardware and firmware. Tests with resistive loads verified three-phase operation in star and delta configurations, with balanced line voltages under laboratory conditions. The efficiency close to 92% corresponds to the tested low-load condition. Characterization at higher power levels and harmonic-distortion measurements are proposed as the next validation stage.
References
[1] M. K. Hossain, P. Chowdhury, I. Nowshin, M. R. Islam, A. Al-Hysam, y O. Farrok, «Grid-connected inverter for photovoltaic energy harvesting: Advances in topologies and control techniques», 1 de enero de 2026, Elsevier Ltd. doi: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101422.
[2] D. Kumar, F. Zare, y A. Ghosh, «DC Microgrid Technology: System Architectures, AC Grid Interfaces, Grounding Schemes, Power Quality, Communication Networks, Applications, and Standardizations Aspects», IEEE Access, vol. 5, pp. 12230-12256, jun. 2017, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2705914.
[3] D. Chatterjee, C. Chakraborty, y S. Dalapati, «An Overview on Dead-Time Distortion and Its Correction in PWM Inverters», 2025, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. doi: 10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3600262.
[4] E. Can y H. H. Sayan, «SSPWM THREE PHASE INVERTER DESIGN AND EXPERIMENTED ON UNBALANCED LOADS», Tehnicki Vjesnik, vol. 23, n.o 5, pp. 1239-1244, oct. 2016, doi: 10.17559/TV-20150730222021.
[5] O. Idbouhouch, M. Zegrari, N. Rabbah, I. A. Abdelmoula, H. Oufettoul, y S. Motahhir, «Embedded implementation of phase imbalance faults in three-phase inverters: The impact of MOSFET conduction resistance variations», Results in Engineering, vol. 26, jun. 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105227.
[6] M. S. Rana, M. A. Abedin, W. Hassan, M. A. Hossain, y A. Hossain, «A SEPIC-Ćuk derived hybrid converter with single-input inductor and dual DC/AC outputs for microgrid applications», Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 255, jun. 2026, doi: 10.1016/j.epsr.2026.112844.
[7] «STMicroelectronics, NUCLEO-F401RE: STM32 Nucleo-64 development board with STM32F401RE MCU». [En línea]. Disponible en: www.st.com
[8] «STMicroelectronics, AN4776: General-purpose timer cookbook for STM32 microcontrollers, Application Note, Rev. 4.», 2026. [En línea]. Disponible en: www.st.com
[9] N. M. O W, T. M. Undeland, W. P. Robbins, y J. Wiley, «POWER ELECTRONICS Converters, Applications, and Design THIRD EDITION», 2003. (Note: Chapter 27 of this book is entirely devoted to the design of snubber networks.)
[10] «IRFP460A Vishay Siliconix», Accedido: 21 de junio de 2026. [En línea]. Disponible en: www.vishay.com/doc?91000
[11] 519-2022 - IEEE Standard for Harmonic Control in Electric Power Systems. IEEE, 2022.
[12] N. K. Lujara, “Three Phase PWM Inverter for Low Rating Energy Efficient Systems,” World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 423–429, 2015.
[13] 1547-2018 - IEEE Standard for Interconnection and Interoperability of Distributed Energy Resources with Associated Electric Power Systems Interfaces. IEEE, 2018.
[14] Remus. Teodorescu, Marco. Liserre, y Pedro. Rodríguez, Grid converters for photovoltaic and wind power systems. IEEE ; Wiley, 2011.
Published
Data Availability Statement
The experimental data used in this study are not publicly available but may be provided by the corresponding authors upon reasonable request.
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Mario Fuela Uvidia, Kevin Barrionuevo Lara, Carlos Jara Toaza, Wilian Guaman Cuenca
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright
The authors of the manuscripts will retain their copyright on their articles published in Pespectivas Journal. These rights allow the authors to present their manuscripts in public, prepare derivative works, reproduce them physically by printing and distribute them on their social or research networks. These rights will remain unchanged as long as the authors respect the publication and free access policy of Perspectivas Journal.
Publication Rights
Perspectivas Journal reserves all first publication rights on each of the articles that the authors have sent to its review and publication process. It implies that authors will only exercise their copyright if they state the source and origin of the publication correctly, mainly when they distribute, share, present, or use their articles' total or partial content.
