Perspectivas is a technical-scientific journal from Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo, which is focused on disseminating original written works in the fields of scientific development and engineering applications. The journal has a double-blind review and arbitration policy to ensure the quality of the published articles. Distinguished internal and external researchers are part of the reviewers of Perspectivas specializing in the journal's interest areas.
Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo
Copyright The authors of the manuscripts will retain their copyright on their articles published in Pespectivas Journal. These rights allow the authors to present their manuscripts in public, prepare derivative works, reproduce them physically by printing and distribute them on their social or research networks. These rights will remain unchanged as long as the authors respect the publication and free access policy of Perspectivas Journal. Publication Rights Perspectivas Journal reserves all first publication rights on each of the articles that the authors have sent to its review and publication process. It implies that authors will only exercise their copyright if they state the source and origin of the publication correctly, mainly when they distribute, share, present, or use their articles' total or partial content.
Building knowledge graphs to speed up queries on genomic information
This article provides an overview of the main formats used to store genomic information, as well as the process of building knowledge graphs from such data. The information extracted from data in the repository of the National Center for Biotechnology Information is processed and structured in the form of knowledge graphs, allowing complex queries to be performed using the SPARQL language. Representing genomic information in a format suitable for semantic querying and inference facilitates the identification of complex relationships between genes, proteins, and metabolites. This, in turn, supports the discovery of new bioactive compounds and promotes advances in fields such as medicine and biotechnology. Finally, it is demonstrated how both simple and compound queries in SPARQL can be applied to retrieve explicit and inferred relationships among the triples that make up the knowledge graphs, thus improving the depth and efficiency of genomic analysis.
Copyright (c) 2026 Reynold Osuna González, Guillermo De Ita Luna https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Mobile SDN-Based Drone Network for Real-Time Video Streaming in Aerial Surveillance
This paper presents and evaluates a drone network based on Software-Defined Networking (SDN) for real-time video transmission aimed at aerial surveillance. The architecture uses a wired backbone of access points (APs) managed by the Ryu controller, employing the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) to prevent loops, while the drones act as wireless nodes that transmit real-time video to a base station simulating the control center. The simulation integrates CoppeliaSim and Mininet-WiFi through a socket server, and video streaming is generated using VLC. Scalability is studied by increasing the number of drones from three to seven, analyzing metrics such as: effective throughput, which increases from 2.75 to 7.21 Mbit/s; average bandwidth, which remains between 6.93 and 7.99 Mbit/s; jitter, which stays below 1 ms; and round-trip time (RTT), which ranges from 8.53 to 8.99 ms, while packet loss increases from 21.34% to 24.43%. When comparing different propagation model exponents for three drones, RTT increases from 12.57 ms (exponent 2) to 18.53 ms (exponent 4), while throughput remains around 2.75–2.76 Mbit/s and packet loss between 31% and 32%. Overall, the architecture scales adequately up to five drones and shows moderate congestion with seven. As future work, it is proposed to extend the architecture to networks with multiple SDN controllers and to study drone-specific routing protocols for video transmission, incorporating the analysis of Quality of Experience (QoE), Quality of Service (QoS), and energy consumption.
Copyright (c) 2026 Anthonny Flores, Sebastián Ruiz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Micro-grid analysis to meet general service demand on the South UPS campus
This paper presents the analysis of a photovoltaic microgrid to supply general services on the South Campus of the Salesian Polytechnic University. The mathematical model employed makes it possible to estimate the power generated by the source and the costs of grid energy under real demand conditions, achieving techno-economic optimization. Using HOMER Pro software, different scenarios integrating solar generation, energy storage systems, and inverters are simulated, allowing their performance to be compared in both grid-connected and standalone modes. It was determined that the geographical location of the campus offers optimal irradiance levels of 4.03 (kWh/m²/day), which favors the system’s energy generation. The simulation results demonstrate the potential of microgrids to reduce dependence on the conventional electrical system. It was identified that the off-grid mode is more efficient, as it represents a 34.82% reduction in operating costs and a 9.92% return on investment over the next 6.94 years.
Copyright (c) 2026 Luis Acosta Sánchez, Katherine Flores Almeida, Esteban Delgado Piedra, Marcelo García Torres https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
From Detection to Conversation: Evolution of a Culturally Competent Emotional Support Chatbot
This paper presents the evolution of PsicoloBot, an emotional support chatbot developed with cultural competence for the Spanish-speaking population of Mexico. The study was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, a rule-based lexical detection algorithm was implemented, achieving an accuracy of 82% in emotion classification; however, it exhibited notable limitations in contextual understanding and dialogue quality. To ensure cultural adaptation, this phase required an extensive process of idiom mining from social media sources and data extraction, transformation, and loading (ETL). In the second phase, a hybrid architecture is proposed that integrates a Large Language Model (LLM), such as Google’s Gemini, to enhance contextual awareness. This architecture combines the efficiency and precision of the lexical engine with the generative capabilities of artificial intelligence, enabling interactions that more closely simulate empathetic and culturally relevant dialogue.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yan Tepancal Martinez, María Santiago Díaz, Ana Zenteno Vázquez, Gustavo Rubín Linares https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Quality Verification in User Stories: A Systematic Mapping
Agile development has established user stories as a fundamental practice for requirements elicitation, leading to increasing academic interest in assessing their quality. This paper presents a systematic mapping study aimed at identifying the quality criteria applied in user story verification, examining their temporal evolution, geographical distribution, and underlying conceptual frameworks. Established methodological guidelines for systematic mapping studies and systematic literature reviews were followed during the study selection process. A total of 58 primary studies published between 2004 and 2024 were analyzed. The INVEST and QUS frameworks emerged as the most frequently referenced, with unambiguity identified as the most commonly cited quality criterion, although it is not the sole aspect that should be considered. Furthermore, the results reveal a concentration of research efforts in technologically advanced countries and a significant increase in publications in 2024. These findings confirm a sustained growth in scholarly interest in the verification of user story quality.
Copyright (c) 2026 Leonardo Espinosa Arévalo, Antonio Aguileta Güemez, Raúl Antonio Aguilar Vera https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Sign Language Recognition for Electrical Device Control
This research paper presents the implementation of a dactylographic sign language recognition system using artificial intelligence applied to control electrical devices. The system aims to enhance interaction between humans and electrical devices, particularly for individuals with hearing impairments, by providing a natural and intuitive method for interaction. The system utilizes computer vision techniques to recognize hand gestures in dactylographic sign language, and a microcontroller-based circuit controls the electrical devices. The system performance was evaluated in terms of accuracy, response time, and usability, yielding promising results for future applications in industry and medicine.
Dactylographic Sign Language Recognition
Copyright (c) 2025 Jefferson Ramírez, Robert Rodríguez Loaiza, Kevin Saavedra, Ana Logroño https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Human Capital of the Software Industry in San Francisco de Campeche
Human resource management is essential in the software industry, as human capital represents its main asset. This study aims to identify the key characteristics of human capital in this industry in San Francisco de Campeche, focusing on hiring criteria, labor structure, and educational composition. The methodology involves a digitalized instrument hosted on the Software Industry Observatory web portal, distributed among software development companies with a fiscal address in the city. The results presented in this publication focus on human capital indicators, revealing a combination of dependent employees, freelancers, apprentices, and temporary workers, indicating labor flexibility and commitment. Extensive academic education is predominant, highlighting the importance of training in the sector. Turnover rates vary across companies, reflecting different levels of job stability. Companies value soft skills such as responsibility, teamwork, and problem-solving.
Copyright (c) 2025 Diana Concepción Mex Álvarez, Luz María Hernández Cruz, Margarita Castillo Téllez, Charlotte Monserrat Llanes Chiquini, Yaqueline Pech Huh, José Luis Lira Turriza https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Methodology for Measuring the Real-Time Transfer Function of Dynamic Systems in Operation
This paper presents a robust methodology to measure the transfer function of a dynamic system in operation by applying a delta signal as input. The impulse response of the systems is analyzed in the Laplace domain, thus allowing us to obtain key information about their behavior, stability, and performance. A comparative approach is proposed between the nominal transfer function and its measurement to detect faults or deficiencies, evaluating metrics such as gain margin and phase. In addition, a frequency domain analysis is used to identify alterations in the system dynamics. This methodology is useful for diagnosing and maintaining control systems, improving their reliability and robustness against operational variations and structural failures of the system.
Copyright (c) 2025 Carlos García Díaz, María del Carmen Santiago Díaz, Ana Claudia Zenteno Vázquez, Judith Pérez Marcial, Raúl Antonio Aguilar Vera, Gustavo Trinidad Rubín Linares https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Proposal for the Analysis of Color Perception Using Eye-tracking
This study investigates potential differences in color perception between men and women. Eye-tracking technology, specifically the Tobii Pro Nano, was employed alongside experimental software developed to assess color discrimination. Preliminary tests conducted with male and female students revealed distinct visual attention patterns. These initial findings suggest gender-based differences in color perception that could impact UX and decision-making processes. Further research with larger sample sizes and refined methodologies is necessary to validate these results.
Copyright (c) 2025 María Fernanda Barrón Álvarez, Ángel Eduardo Villegas Ortíz, Francisco Javier Álvarez Rodríguez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Framework for Citizen Science Projects
Citizen science, also known as public participation in scientific research and knowledge production, is gaining more and more recognition when proposing citizen science projects. However, concerns about data quality and processes of this type of projects are highlighted. To mitigate these problems, it is proposed to standardize good practices, emphasizing ensuring data quality in all phases of the life cycle. The main contribution of this work is to identify which are the best practices related to citizen science projects and, to investigate how these practices can be enriched with others related to data quality management and governance. As a result, MAR.CI.CI has been proposed, a framework to help institutions propose and execute their citizen science projects.
Copyright (c) 2025 Cesar Guerra García, Marco Tulio Ramírez Torres, Héctor Pérez González, Lizeth López López https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Experimentation in Software Engineering: Pair Programming Case Study
Due to the benefits of pair programming in software development, such as increased production of quality code and knowledge transfer within a development team, this practice has captured the interest of educators in Software Engineering as an effective strategy for developing key skills in students. To evaluate its effectiveness as a teaching method, a study was conducted with Software Engineering students, applying programming-related activities. When comparing the results in terms of grades and code quality, both individually and in pairs, and after applying statistical tests, it was concluded that pair programming improves students' overall performance. The results showed that grades and code quality in pairs were higher on average, confirming that this practice is an effective and beneficial teaching method.
Copyright (c) 2025 José Julian Ventura Uscanga, Patricia Martínez Moreno, Luis Antonio Morales Velásquez, Antonio Vergara Camacho https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Emotional Health Analysis using Artificial Intelligence
Anxiety is a natural stress response, but anxiety disorders are conditions where this response becomes excessive and persistent, affecting daily life. Common types include generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and phobias. Genetic, environmental, and biological factors may contribute to its development. Symptoms include restlessness, fatigue, concentration, and sleep problems. This paper presents the results obtained and treated using artificial intelligence tools and techniques for the automatic identification of the state of anxiety and its correlation to stress levels and human emotional health.
Copyright (c) 2025 Erika Morales Portillo, María del Carmen Santiago Díaz, Ana Claudia Zenteno Vásquez, Judith Pérez Marcial, Abraham Sánchez López, Gustavo Trinidad Rubín Linares https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Model for objective evaluation of interfaces by analyzing visual attention patterns obtained with eye-tracking
With current interface design and evaluation tools, it is tough to objectively estimate usability information. Technologies such as eye-tracking extend the approaches to obtain data on visual attention impartially. However, obtaining biometric information through eye-tracking does not necessarily indicate the quality and quantity of information obtained when evaluating an interface. Therefore, in this work, we establish a model to relate the abstractions of the visual attention processes that are deployed when using an interface and the interpretations of the quantitative values ​​provided by the biometric data obtained by eye-tracking.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ángel Eduardo Villegas Ortíz, Francisco Álvarez Rodríguez, Eduardo Rodríguez López https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Seismic-Resistant Design at the Border between Nariño (9Aa–8Av) and Esmeraldas (Zone VI)
This research proposes to investigate the seismic threat on the Esmeraldas-Ecuador and Nariño-Colombia border under the construction regulations NEC-15 and NSR-10, respectively, considering a building with similar characteristics deployed in the study areas. Aspects of earthquake-resistant design will be addressed, including seismic characterization, materials, loads, modeling, structural design, and reinforcement details. The regulations will be thoroughly evaluated, comparing relevant technical requirements and structural behavior under earthquakes. Total construction costs in both countries will also be analyzed to determine the economic efficiency of each regulation. The study aims to offer a clear understanding of the essential considerations when designing structures in border areas, where soil and seismic activity are similar. It is anticipated that the findings will reveal improvements in construction regulations and determine the most effective regulation in terms of investment and safety.
- Sismic Threat, Ecuador-Colombia, Border Comparison, NEC-15, NSR-10, Esmeraldas-Nariño, Earthquake-Resistant Construction.
Copyright (c) 2025 Iñaki Moisés Cisneros Córdova, María Belén Correa Vallejo, Luis Alejandro Machado Salazar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Software Corrective Maintenance Strategies: A Case Study of the Community Organization CACTU
The CACTU system (Corporación de Asociaciones Comunitarias de Cotopaxi y Tungurahua), designed to manage correspondence between affiliated children and their foreign sponsors, presented critical operational problems. Key problem areas were identified to resolve this situation, and technical solutions were implemented through corrective maintenance based on the Agile MANTEMA methodology. Subsequently, system reliability was evaluated according to ISO/IEC 25010 using JMeter, Enlightn and R tools. The results of the Mann-Whitney U test revealed significant improvements in mean times between failures before and after maintenance. In particular, system reliability increased substantially, from 34.38% to 88.80%, significantly improving system maturity, availability, fault tolerance and resilience.
Copyright (c) 2024 Pablo Guerra Fiallos, José López Ríos, Diego Ávila Pesantez, Angel Mena Reinoso, Miriam Avila https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Machine Learning Algorithms for Predictive Maintenance: A Systematic Literature Mapping
Predictive maintenance is a practice that industrial companies can apply to their processes thanks to technologies such as artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things. Machine Learning algorithms are used in many fields to make predictions or classifications. Predictive maintenance is an area of research that provides new practices, strategies, or methodologies. As a relatively new field, the methodologies are still scattered and there is little information on the maturity of the algorithms. To provide a solid foundation, a systematic literature review is presented to give engineers and researchers an overview of machine learning algorithms used in predictive maintenance. The results obtained show some growth in recent years, demonstrating the interest in this area of research. However, most of the contributions in this field can be summarized as concept proofs and it is still difficult to obtain a prototype that can be validated as a complete and certified system. This paper describes the main machine learning algorithms used in predictive maintenance according to their type of use and supervision, analyses their input and output parameters, and determines their maturity.
Copyright (c) 2024 Jorge Luis Paredes Carrillo, Carlos Romero Barreno https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Enhancing Logic-Driven Learning: Applying GUESS-18 for User Experience Evaluation
This article details a study that examines the user experience in a software engineering educational game through the Game User Experience Satisfaction Scale (GUESS-18). It involved 111 computer engineering students who played a game designed to improve their software skills via interactive tasks. The GUESS-18 helped measure the game's impact on user satisfaction, showing notable gains in students' problem-solving abilities and engagement. The study also highlights the potential of GUESS-18 as a valuable metric for educational contexts, indicating its broader utility beyond just entertainment. The positive findings suggest new directions for incorporating user experience tools into educational software, with the goal of enhancing the quality of educational technology in the field of computer engineering.
Copyright (c) 2024 David Bonilla Carranza, Adriana Peña Pérez Negrón, Mirna Muñoz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Behavioral Analysis of COVID-19 Medical Data using Artificial Intelligence
The COVID-19 pandemic has generated a global health crisis, and having tools that allow the disease to be efficiently managed is of vital importance. In this context, artificial intelligence offers a unique opportunity to analyze large volumes of medical data and obtain valuable information that can contribute to medical decision-making and improve management of the pandemic. In this work, artificial intelligence techniques are applied to model the results obtained from COVID-19 databases in Mexico.
Copyright (c) 2024 Roberto Carlos Hernández Aparicio, María del Carmen Santiago Díaz, Ana Claudia Zenteno Vázquez, Judith Pérez Marcial, Gustavo Trinidad Rubín Linares https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Data analysis for efficient schedule optimization and Machine Learning
In recent years, the integration of machine learning (ML) techniques into school management systems offers several opportunities to enhance efficiency and decision-making in the educational field. Applying ML in education can yield significant benefits. However, it is important to note that the successful integration of ML techniques into school management systems requires a robust data infrastructure, proper data collection, and consideration of ethical and privacy issues. Furthermore, ML should not replace human interaction in education but rather complement and improve it by providing educators and students with additional tools for educational success. Due to the increased complexity in the curriculum of the Computer Systems Engineering program, it is necessary to carry out a more reliable and automated prediction of semester schedules. To address the manual scheduling generation problem, a comprehensive analysis of the existing process was conducted. This involved gathering relevant information on how semester schedules are currently generated in the educational institution. The current approach used for scheduling was studied, along with an analysis of the problems and limitations associated with the manual process. Various ML techniques that could be applied to the scheduling generation problem were investigated. This could include optimization algorithms, clustering or classification algorithms, genetic algorithms, or other machine learning approaches that can be adapted to the specific problem.
Copyright (c) 2024 Rogelio Escobedo Mitre, Ángeles Quezada Cisnero, Bogart Yair Marquez Lobato, Arnulfo Alanis Garza https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Implementation of a controller for an inverted pendulum type robot
In indoor mobile robotics, wheeled robots stand out due to their simpler mechanics and lower maintenance requirements compared to legged articulated robots. This work describes the phases for implementing control software for an inverted pendulum robot using the Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) algorithm. The software architecture can be decomposed into large abstraction blocks, combining embedded software libraries and software components developed specifically for the project. Most inverted pendulum projects use a PID control, primarily due to the simplicity of its implementation. This method is functional but lacks scalability, consumes time, and, although some implementations exhibit excellent disturbance rejection, there is no guarantee of stability if any robot parameter changes. The developed prototype could serve as an experimental foundation for future research in mobile robotics or automatic control.
Copyright (c) 2024 Josepablo Cruz Baas, Jorge Ríos Martínez, Ernesto Olguín Díaz, Francisco Moo Mena https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Traceability matrix in requirements gathering: a systematic review of the literature
The lack of a standardized traceability matrix has several disadvantages for the software development process. First, without a standardized traceability matrix, it is difficult to ensure the quality and integrity of the requirements. According to [5], the traceability of requirements is necessary to ensure that these requirements are complete, consistent and not redundant. Without a standardized traceability matrix, developers may lose sight of the original requirements and make changes that are not justified or that are not in line with the goals of change management in the project. According to [6], the traceability of requirements is essential to manage change in a project, as it allows developers to identify which requirements are affected by a change and how they are related to other requirements. Without a standardized traceability matrix, changes can be difficult to manage and can have a negative impact on the project as a whole. The Systematic Literature Review (SLR) is carried out, the different proposals of authors or companies on the Requirements Traceability Matrix (RTM) are analyzed and the weaknesses and strengths of each one are identified. All of these in order to propose a unified RTM based on the most common elements used by the RTM analyzed, which is composed of strengths that contribute to the quality and integrity of the requirements.
Copyright (c) 2024 Enrique Alexandre Kattz Villa, Patricia Martínez Moreno, José Antonio Vergara Camacho, Luis Antonio Morales Velázquez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
State of research in biodiversity collection management systems: A systematic mapping of the literature
Biodiversity collections allow making decisions for the preservation of an ecosystem since they have a relationship between the increase or decrease in species population linked to the erosion of their habitat. Therefore, the growth of these collections has driven the need to migrate towards biodiversity management systems that follow the life cycle established by Software Engineering. It is crucial to have up-to-date knowledge about the state of the art in biodiversity collection management systems, understanding the strategies implemented along with the benefits for academic research. This motivates the future implementation of systems, providing a foundation for the elements to consider in their construction. For this reason, a systematic literature mapping was carried out based on the Kitchenham guide, addressing the characteristics and efforts in this field.The findings reveal: (i) The development of biodiversity collection management systems is experiencing significant growth nationally, with universities starting to implement them in their herbaria. (ii) The predominant technology used is PHP in the Laravel framework, mainly due to its built-in functions that facilitate the development of applications with limited resources. (iii) The most used standards are the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature and the Darwin Core. (iv) Biodiversity collection management systems offer substantial benefits by maintaining consistency and accessibility of data, thus facilitating decision- making for biodiversity preservation. (v) Quality attributes of interest include accessibility, ease of learning, adequate recognition, real-time performance, and interoperability that can support the definition of non-functional requirements during system development. (vi) Biodiversity collection management systems at the local level show a higher frequency of development in the botanical domain compared to the zoological, primarily due to the ease of collection. These findings provide a solid justification for the implementation of biodiversity collection management systems, along with guidelines for their main functionalities and relevant quality attributes. Additionally, they offer a valuable starting point for the development of future systems in this domain.
Copyright (c) 2024 Karina Valdés-Iglesias, Jorge Octavio Ocharán-Hernández, Juan Carlos Pérez-Arriaga, Christian Alejandro Delfín-Alfonso https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Towards an API Governance Model, Systematic Mapping of the Literature
Digital startups are driving a profound transformation that permeates large organizations, synergies that allow them to maintain their position in modern markets. To fully understand this cycle of change, it is imperative to consider the role of Application Programming Interfaces (APIs), which enable transformation through innovative business models. In finance, it is an undeniable fact that Fintechs are actively using APIs to drive digital business. However, large banks face new and challenging obstacles to generate new value in collaboration with these innovative digital partners, or to acquire new capabilities individually through the strategic implementation of APIs. In this context, a systematic mapping of the literature is presented with the aim of showing a broad and structured view on the current state of knowledge related to API governance in the financial sector framed in a research project for this sector and specifically for banking collections. From the study it was concluded that APIs are indispensable in today's ecosystems, they allow consumers, officials, third-party developers, Fintech, retailers and other components such as algorithms, data, processes and functionalities to communicate, therefore, businesses need to be redesigned to define rules that allow them to compete and expand their margins, without APIs it is not possible to embrace the digital world.
Copyright (c) 2024 Elizabeth Suescún Monsalve, Marta Tabares Betancur, Liliana González Palacio, Mariana Vásquez Escobar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Music Playback by Plasma Generation with FIR Filter Implementation in Matlab
The Tesla coil was invented by Nikola Tesla in the late nineteenth century and produces electrical discharges in the form of high-voltage arcs, unlike the musical Tesla coil, which focuses on the generation of musical sounds through controlled electrical discharges. To create an audio reproduction device by using a physical phenomenon, it is necessary to create a device capable of emitting audio through the modulation of an electrical discharge launched into the air, which mainly consists of two coils. This element is commonly known as Plasma Speaker or Musical Tesla Coil. It was also considered adding an audio amplifier so that the sound has greater intensity, and a virtual bandpass filter designed in Matlab software to record the behavior of the musical Tesla coil to the different frequencies of the musical tones.
Copyright (c) 2024 James Neira, Carlos Millingalli, Luis Merino, Erick Ordoñez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Transmission of ASCII code messages using a high power (50mW) underwater laser communication prototype in two controlled scenarios
This article offers the development of an underwater communication prototype using a long-range laser (50mW) to find the maximum range of the prototype underwater and the value of the attenuation or power of the received signal as the distance increases. For this purpose, two underwater test scenarios were chosen. In the first scenario (a fish tank) two received signal power measurements were made using the KEYSIGHT Infinii Vision DSOX2022A oscilloscope and in the second scenario (a swimming pool) two measurements were also made. With the data obtained, a graphical analysis of the behaviour of the received signal power was performed. Finally, it is concluded that the maximum range of the prototype underwater is 12m (for distances greater than 12m the laser does not reach the receiver), information is lost or distorted if there is water movement because the particles of the moving water reflect the laser much more and that for the prototype to work both the transmitter and the receiver must be perfectly aligned otherwise the underwater communication will not be established.
Copyright (c) 2024 Lessly Borja, Kelly Baño, Anthony Gualli Santos, Jefferson Ribadeneira https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Text encryption using chaotic attractors: Cryptoguard
The present study embarks on the exploration of cryptography based on chaotic attractors, developing a web application intended for the encryption and decryption of text strings using the synchronization of these attractors. The first step of this study involved a detailed review of four chaotic systems to fully understand the formulas of each attractor. Through a combination of mathematical analysis and programming, synchronization of Seach attractor was implemented in the web application, using the SCRUMBAN methodology, a combination of the agile frameworks Scrum and Kanban. Kruskal-Wallis tests, a non-parametric statistical test used to compare three or more independent sets of data, revealed significant differences in synchronization, encryption, and decryption times between the four attractors. In concrete terms, these results suggest that at least one of the attractors studied offers substantially different performance from the others.
Copyright (c) 2024 Jemmy Anahí Puzma Granda, Danilo Mauricio Pástor Ramírez, Raúl Hernán Rosero Miranda, Maricela Jiménez Rodríguez, Omar S. Gómez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of a Web Application for Graphing Chaotic Attractors Using the SCRUM Methodology
The work focuses on optimizing the current process of plotting attractors at the Software Engineering Research Group (GrIISoft) of FIE-ESPOCH by developing a web application that automates this procedure using the Scrum methodology. The application covers attractors such as Lorenz, Rossler, Sprott, and Chen, incorporating features such as user management and graph visualization. Through four sprints, 17 user stories and 8 technical stories were implemented. Comparative evaluation between GrIISoft's current procedure and the web application revealed a significant 98.9% reduction in average response time, decreasing from 10501.67 ms to 116.57 ms. The application demonstrated efficiency in memory and CPU usage on browsers like Edge and Opera, with lower consumptions, and exhibited the ability to handle up to 207 users simultaneously. The results support the improvement in response times.
Copyright (c) 2024 Thalía Zárate Mora, Ra´´ul Rosero, Danilo Pástor, Maricela Jiménez-Rodríguez, Omar S. Gómez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Evaluation of the Efficiency and Portability of the Web Tool (Geria) for Recording the Daily Activities of the Elderly According to the ISO 25012 Software Development Quality Standard
Since the crisis caused by the COVID pandemic and its implications on the health of the elderly, a web application called "Geria" has been implemented to manage gerontological information in comprehensive care centers, recording daily activities and questions based on patterns of functional self-perception regarding the indicators of the Barthel index to identify a person's ability to perform activities in a dependent or independent manner. The application was developed using the XP methodology and once the tool was finished, the software quality attributes were measured according to the ISO 25012 regulations: efficiency and portability. For this, a Student's T statistical analysis was performed for the 3 reporting modules corresponding to: daily activities, functional patterns, and recreational activities, obtaining as a result a significance level less than 0 (2.2E-16; 0.0006; 0.05 respectively).
Copyright (c) 2024 Blanca F. Hidalgo, Lorena Aguirre, Alonso Álvarez, Jorge Jiménez, Cecilio Tasna https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Comprehensive security exploration in internet service providers networks: A systematic literature review
Network security in Internet Service Providers (ISPs) is paramount for safeguarding essential online information and services, particularly in an era where reliance on the internet is more pronounced than ever. In response to increasingly sophisticated cyber-attacks, ISPs must implement effective security measures. This study provides a comprehensive insight into ISP network security, grounded in a systematic review of 57 documents from SpringerLink, Scopus, and Web of Science, employing Kitchenham's methodology. It was found that ISPs deploy a variety of security mechanisms, including firewalls, intrusion detection and prevention systems, and penetration testing. These approaches are critical for effectively countering cyber threats. The research concludes that an integrated security strategy, combining various measures such as advanced firewalls, data encryption, and regular penetration testing, is crucial in the infrastructure of ISPs.
Copyright (c) 2024 Chrystian Viteri Hernández, Diego Ávila https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Economic losses and dangers represented by bad electrical connections
The first part describes how economic losses can occur due to ignorance of the basic principles of electricity, events that can be avoided by complying with certain simple and easy-to-apply rules, which will avoid the damage of many electrical devices that are essential for daily living and satisfaction in our homes, offices, workshops, etc. The second part deals with the dangers caused by bad connections and in general the danger that electricity can represent in our lives. We should not underestimate the importance of complying with the technical aspects necessary to avoid fatal accidents.
Copyright (c) 2024 Cesar Eduardo Astudillo Machuca, Natali Astudillo Skliarova https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0